Download pes 2013 2gb laptop

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The method of recruitment using word of mouth through partner NGOs may have resulted in participants with particularly strong views (either positive or negative) on health or other camp services to participate.

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In addition, they stated that many women do not continue breastfeeding when they become pregnant again for fear that the breast milk will poison the baby and cause diarrhoea.

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These profound underlying fears may also contribute to the mistrust of health providers recommending the procedure, as evidenced by statements that health workers were performing caesareans only to earn more money or to remove extra organs for sale.

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When a patient is in critical condition, they fundraise money to help take the patient to the main hospital at night, and if they don't have the money, the patient dies at home due to lack of transportation.

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According to midwives, mothers often keep the newborn at the foot of the bed in the postnatal ward and rarely hold the baby in the hours after birth.

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Mothers, grandmothers, community health workers and health facility key informants described a belief, that the baby should be fed from the right breast only, as feeding from the left breast will cause the child to stammer when he is older.

According to health care workers and program managers the leading reason that women present to health facilities late in labour is due to a fear of caesarean section and women may refuse the procedure when medically indicated.

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FGDs reported that it used to be common practice to throw away the colostrum and give the baby sugar water until the first milk came in, but this practice has largely stopped due to health education in the camps.

The main reasons for this preference included skilled medical staff, free care, safety, and the receipt a birth notification that eases the process of getting an additional ration card, a highly valued and necessary commodity among the camp populations.

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In addition to its use on the umbilicus, mothers and grandmothers extolled its value in treating fever (when mixed with water for a bath) and breathing problems (when crushed and placed under the baby's nose).

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Stated benefits of birth spacing included improving the health of the child and the mother, allowing a longer time for breastfeeding, and giving the woman more time for herself.

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Due to time constraints, we did not use thematic saturation as the end point for data collection and instead conducted a predetermined number of FGDs based on expected saturation.

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The benefits conferred on the family (such as extra ration cards and more food) as well as the extra income, household assistance, and caregiving (particularly to older parents) that children provide were cited as the key reasons for desiring large families.

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However, we found mixed feeding from the first hours of life continues to be common practice, and is often initiated by elder female family members shortly after birth.

Many mothers and grandmothers in the FGDs expressed the belief that a caesarean section will leave them permanently disabled and unable to complete the daily tasks of household life.

Although differences in findings may exist between different clans, and based on the length of time since displacement, we did not analyse the data at this level of detail.

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Health care providers and management key informants confirmed the prevalence of these beliefs and reported that it was often difficult to gain timely informed consent for emergency caesarean sections, as clinicians must first consult multiple family and clan members.

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According to key informants, the majority of health care workers in Dadaab camps are relocated Kenyans coming from a different religious, language and cultural background to the Somali population.

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In Dadaab, adopting new hospital policies that support the presence of a birth companion during labour and delivery may help address some of the barriers to acceptability of care.

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Mothers stated their first choice for care if their newborn is sick is the health post; if the baby does not get better they will then try traditional herbs or, if they can afford it, go to private pharmacies.

However, using local community members to facilitate the focus groups, regular debriefings, and the review of results after each session helped to minimize these limitations and increase the credibility of the findings.

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According to health service providers, there is a widespread belief in the community that these interventions are harmful, including a prominent idea that the nasogastric tube is entering the brain.

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Careful planning to ensure privacy of other patients as well allowing adequate working space for midwives will be required, but is feasible with consultation from staff, management and patients.

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Maternity staff in all health facilities report that women are not allowed to keep companions with them during labour and birth, and may do so only on the postnatal ward.

After we coded the notes from both study components, we combined our data and used the reproductive life cycle and our domains of inquiry as the scaffolding by which to organize themes.

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In our culture at 15 years old it is allowed to get married and I support that because the ladies of today are misbehaving and they run after men.

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Discussion about the birth plan, education and reassurance around caesarean section, and advance identification of decision makers for consent procedures should be incorporated into antenatal care visits in order to minimize delays during obstetric emergencies.

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However, mothers found a key barrier to accessing care with a sick neonate is the lack of transport within the camps as ambulance services are restricted to women in labour.

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Further they describe the use of holy water, or tahlil, is an important practice with the newborn, as is reading the Quran to the newborn shortly after birth to protect it from harm.

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